I have been admiring art ever since i took  art class at PBSC, and i have been admiring people with tattoos of different shape and color. so i have been reading about them and there are  different style of them.

1. The traditional style is old school and oldest form tattooing which include traditional imagery such as flowers, hearts, seagulls,  skulls, and daggers.
2.  Realism is a fine art skill that is done  on the skin which looks like a great photograph  on the skin.  you can have the great portrait of your favorite actors, animated movies, and plenty more that look beautiful on your skin. It also depends on what you pay for.
3. Watercolour tattoos are really popular for its effect by using splashes and streak to give an impression of paint being used on canvas and paper.  The watercolor effect can be combined with realism and solid outlines to form the background of a tattoo.
4. Tribal is the oldest tattoos style that is always in black color. It is often geometry design and symmetrical. The tribal tattoos are shaped in many ways.
5. New school/Nu sckool is cartoon design style of tattoo that looks like graffiti, and hip hop techniques that bring out bright colors, and shape, features on your skin. Fans anime usually wear this kind of tattoos since its style is about anime too.
6. Neo-Traditional can be fun because its uses bold outlines and scrupulous shading. There are more details in its artwork and blending  of the color. it also might merge different style in which there is brighter of dimension.
7. Japanese tattooing is a sacred tattoo art of which its detailed design cover large of the body areas such as an arm, or the back. Imagery includes cherry blossom, fish that is called koi, dragons, war dogs. The style also follows strict rules which are the positioning, color, and more.
8. Dotwork tattoo is a style of tattoo used lots of tiny dots in areas where there might be the used of shade and block color. Usually its imagery can be flowers, tiny dots of hearts, leaves.

The main objective of this journal article post is to study some of the cultural artifacts, or anything created by humans which gives information about the culture of its creators and users. I started reading online and came across an article titled, “Open Reflections on Nonprofit Culture.” This article offers a perspective on culture I am not entirely familiar with. One of the main points of the article describes what culture is when from the perspective of a foreigner in a another country. The writer defines culture in this instance as both the spoken and unspoken rules that guide how people behave. The speaker says that looking at artifacts, behaviors, and values are all key to discovering the meaning behind nonprofit organizations. In this case, artifacts are seen as documents or other things that can be touched. Behaviors are actions that we can see and experience. Finally, values are defined here as attitudes and assumptions that we experience in nonprofit organizations. Another major topic covered in this article is leadership. Leadership is discussed as it is defines the culture and the staff that implements diverse values unique to that specific culture. The article offers a webinar as an artifact that is titled, “How the Sum of Our Attitudes, Customs and Beliefs Define Nonprofits with Debra Holland.” This webinar breaks down how leadership defines a culture and a staff by implementing a culture within their organizations. The webinar is designed to help in three categories. These categories include: understanding the importance of culture in a nonprofit organization, developing strategies and politics to build organization value, and establishing behavior patterns to cultivate organization culture for long-term purpose. Along with the webinar, this article provides two different two part questions to help the reader organize their thoughts when it comes to this particular topic. The first question states, “What is the aesthetic of your organization? What does the appearance of your facilities, staff, or advertisements say about your culture?” I believe that this question is so relevant to the culture we live in today because of all the visual appeal that people look for in a product or service. The other question states, “How is your hospitality represented? How do you literally and metaphorically display your inclusivity to the community?” This question covers the opposite side of culture than the prior question because it is keen on discovering better methods of human interaction. Both of these questions are relevant when continuing the discussion of the nonprofit culture.

Venus has sometimes been described as Earth’s twin because of it’s similar size (Venus’s diameter is only 400 miles less than Earth’s) and it’s similar geologic structure and composition. But in very other way Venus is very unlike Earth. Venus is exceedingly hot, it’s atmosphere being hot enough to melt lead. The planet’s average atmospheric temperature is even hotter than it’s inner neighbor, Mercury, because of it’s abundant atmosphere of carbon dioxide. If you are familiar with concerns here on earth about the introduction of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, look no further than Venus for an example of just how hot greenhouse gases can make a planet. The carbon dioxide traps the heat from the sun and from Venus’s vicious volcanic activity in the atmosphere, raising it to 867 degrees fahrenheit. But that’s not as bad as Venus gets. The planet’s thick cloud layer is composed mainly of dangerous sulfuric acid. The atmosphere and cloud layer is thick, too, meaning that the surface of Venus is a dark, gloomy world and that it’s atmospheric pressure is 90 times greater than Earth’s. Obviously these conditions combine to create a destination that is not among the first choices for human explores. The space industry has learned this through some experience. The Soviet Union sent unmanned probes there, called the Venera spacecrafts, with the intention of learning more about the planet Venus. Most of the Venera spacecraft were crushed by Venus’s intense atmospheric pressure before they made it to the surface. The Veneras 13 and 14, which did make it to the surface, only lasted a short while before destruction by Venus’s harsh elements. It is safe to say that further exploration of Venus’s surface manned or unmanned is not one of the human species’s top priorities at the moment. The planet has so much going against it that it would not be too far fetched to say that humans may never go there, or at least will not for a very, very long time, and even with advanced technology those intrepid explorers will need be incredibly brave to face the trio of hazardous conditions, heat, pressure and acid. But the planet remains interesting geologically. The surfaces is covered in volcanoes, which indicates it’s geologic structure – of a silicate rock crust followed by a mantle and a core – is similar to Earth’s. Venus also has a core of iron and nickel. Volcanic and tectonic activity (tectonic activity may have been a part of Venus’s past) is responsible for the creation of many valuable mineral resources on Earth, so only further exploration will tell if Venus might offer us mineral resources worthy of another look at Earth’s twin.

Superman is probably the most morally-upright character in publication history. He strives to always make the right decision, and usually always does. Because of the character’s actions, he has come to be representative of absolute morality, and has become a moral compass to many. His example is so great that the Christian acronym “WWJD” (What Would Jesus Do?) has been appropriated and altered to read “WWSD” (What Would Superman Do?).

Alternatively, Superman’s unwavering morality has been the exact reason many people dislike the character and find him to be boring. “I just can’t get interested in a character that will always make the right decision. He’s too perfect.” This statement is echoed by many detractors, and often by ones who have never picked up a Superman comic book before.

In this week’s readings, I decided to take a look over at The Superman Homepage’s “Superman Philosophy” section. Over the summer, I had submitted my own essay regarding the character’s diminishing popularity and what it says about society. It was after writing my first essay for the website that I had discovered the section, but it was not until this week that I decided to read over a couple of the essays available.

The first essay I read was entitled “More Truth and Justice Than You’ll Ever Protect.” In it, the author writes about Superman’s morality, and how he acts as an inspirational figure more than a figure to relate with. The author additionally writes that a person’s capacity to do good does not determine their morality. Because Superman can lift tremendous weights and has powers and abilities far beyond those of ordinary mortals, he is able to do more good because he is physically able to. However, people can learn skills that give them a greater capacity to do good. The author also brings up the debate among philosophers regarding morality and intention. No definitive answers are given, but questions are certainly raised.

In another essay, “Super Incongruity,” the author begins by stating that Superman has been their moral compass for many years, despite being flawed and occasionally making the wrong decision. However, the author then moves into a pro-vegan piece by criticizing Superman’s apparent hypocrisy. Superman is a character that fights to protect all life, but one of his favorite meals is beef bourguignon. The author argues that if Superman was truly a protector of all life, he would be a vegan, and that he would heavily oppose the consuming of animals for food.

These are only a couple of the conversations about Superman being had within the Superman fan community.

One of my culture artifacts is the picture editing program called Photoshop that is why this week I decided to read  and learn more about it. I had always heard about Photoshop and how certain media outlets use it to distort the perception of beauty. According to the article”How 25 years of photoshop changed our perception of reality,” Photoshop was launched twenty-five years ago by Thomas Knoll (this really amazes me because I am twenty-two years old which means I have not lived a life without Photoshop). It started as a simple computer program that was only able to display a black and white images on a computer screen. For the last twenty five years Adobe Photoshop has slowly but surely taken over our computers, smartphones, social media, fashion magazines, and newspapers.

The article goes on to say that our society is so use to seeing photographs that have been altered by photoshop that we become shocked when we see real photographs without photoshop. Photographs that have been altered can lead people to believe that what they are seeing is “normal.” Photoshop does not only effect the perception of beauty it also effects the perception we have about everyday events. Apparently over editing is not only limited to the fashion industry anymore Photoshop is now being overused in photojournalism. Renowned German media scholar Thomas Kniepe states in the article that there are no clear regulations to using Photoshop however we as a society need to rethink how much of this software we use. Kniepe says, “Generally, technical edits like adjusting colors, sharpening, and removing fluff are tolerated by most media organizations.But what’s usually considered a no-go is changing the meaning of a picture by creating a montage, removing objects and people as well as adding in new information.” It is important that the media does not abuse photoshop because one little manipulation can change the entire meaning of a photograph.

In related to beauty standards using photoshop to alter or modify photographs can have a disastrous outcome in the minds of young girls and women. In a blog post by “Beauty Redefined” it says that “While the vast majority of images of women are being digitally altered, so are our perceptions of normal, healthy, beautiful and attainable.” From the year 1999 to 2006, there was a 119% increase in the number of children under age 12 hospitalized due to an eating disorder (most of which were girls). According to the blog “the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reports that no exact cause of eating disorders have yet been found, they do admit that some characteristics have been shown to influence the development of the illnesses, which include low self-esteem, fear of becoming fat and being in an environment where weight and thinness were emphasized – all of which are shown to be related to media depictions of idealized bodies.” Most if not all of these idealized bodies will have been altered with photoshop many times before they are released.

Many if not all millennials do not know life without Photoshop. As I am learning more about this editing software I am coming to terms with the fact that almost every photograph that I have seen and will see will have a slight (or more) of manipulation. As it relates to beauty standards Photoshopping has taken altering to a new level that without any regulations will lead to much harm among our society.

http://www.beautyredefined.net/photoshopping-altering-images-and-our-minds/

http://www.dw.com/en/how-25-years-of-photoshop-changed-our-perception-of-reality/a-18284410