{"id":8925,"date":"2021-05-15T11:39:15","date_gmt":"2021-05-15T15:39:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/techrhet.com\/3213\/?page_id=8925"},"modified":"2025-05-25T15:20:28","modified_gmt":"2025-05-25T19:20:28","slug":"professional-editing-style","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"#","title":{"rendered":"Professional Editing &#038; Style <div style=\"font-size:50%; color: #CCCCCC; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height:1.7em;\">PROFESSIONAL WRITING STYLE<\/div>"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"page-toc\">\n<div class=\"page-toc-title\">Contents &amp; Navigation<\/div>\n<div class=\"item\"><a href=\"#plain-language\">plain language movement<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"item\"><a href=\"#developmental\">developmental editing<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"item\"><a href=\"#substantive\">substantive editing<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"item\"><a href=\"#copyediting\">copyediting<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"item\"><a href=\"#examples\">examples<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"item3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/techrhet.com\/3213\/professional-style-editing-toc\/\">all pro style &amp; editing\u00a0\u00a0 \u3009<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 20px; margin-left: 265px; padding: 0 30px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.7em; color: #666; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 300; font-size: 145%;\">\n<div><em>Writing that is clear and to the point helps improve communication and takes less time to read and understand. Clear writing tells the reader exactly what the reader needs to know without using unnecessary words or expressions.<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"qtsource\" style=\"font-size: 80%; letter-spacing: 0.035em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/institutes-nih\/nih-office-director\/office-communications-public-liaison\/clear-communication\/plain-language\">~ &#8220;Plain Language at NIH,&#8221; National Institute of Health<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-size: 105%;\">\n<div style=\"display: block; text-align: right; margin: 1em 3em;\"><span id=\"plain-language\" class=\"anchor\"> <\/span><span class=\"arrowtop\" style=\"font-size: 150%; opacity: 0.5;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u2305<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<h3>What is Plain Language?<\/h3>\n<div style=\"float: right; width: 400px; margin-left: 25px; padding: 5px 20px 15px 5px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plainlanguage.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2707 rad radred\" src=\"https:\/\/techrhet.com\/3213\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/pl-gov-banner.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/centerforplainlanguage.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2708 rad radgreen\" src=\"https:\/\/techrhet.com\/3213\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/cpl-banner.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/plainlanguagenetwork.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2709 rad radorange\" src=\"https:\/\/techrhet.com\/3213\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/plain-banner.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/institutes-nih\/nih-office-director\/office-communications-public-liaison\/clear-communication\/plain-language\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2710 rad radblue\" src=\"https:\/\/techrhet.com\/3213\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/nih-banner.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/PLAW-111publ274\/content-detail.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2732 rad radred\" src=\"https:\/\/techrhet.com\/3213\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/plain-writing-act-banner-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kpwashingtonresearch.org\/about-us\/capabilities\/research-communications\/prism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2733 rad radtan\" src=\"https:\/\/techrhet.com\/3213\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/prism-banner.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<h5>According to the <span class=\"accentshadow\">National Institute of Health<\/span>:<\/h5>\n<div class=\"pgqt3\">\n<div style=\"margin-left: -58px; float: left; width: 40px; margin-top: -5px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"opacity: 0.3; align: left;\" src=\"https:\/\/techrhet.com\/3213\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/275847-200.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"30\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Plain language is grammatically correct language that includes complete sentence structure and accurate word usage. Plain language is not unprofessional writing or a method of &#8220;dumbing down&#8221; or &#8220;talking down&#8221; to the reader.<\/p>\n<p>Writing that is clear and to the point helps improve communication and takes less time to read and understand. Clear writing tells the reader exactly what the reader needs to know without using unnecessary words or expressions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.1em;\">Communicating clearly is its own reward and saves time and money. It also improves reader response to messages. Using plain language avoids creating barriers that set us apart from the people with whom we are communicating.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qtsource\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/institutes-nih\/nih-office-director\/office-communications-public-liaison\/clear-communication\/plain-language\">~ &#8220;Plain Language at NIH,&#8221; National Institute of Health<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h5>According to <span class=\"accentshadow\">PlainLanguage.gov<\/span>:<\/h5>\n<div class=\"pgqt3\">\n<div style=\"margin-left: -58px; float: left; width: 40px; margin-top: -5px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"opacity: 0.3; align: left;\" src=\"https:\/\/techrhet.com\/3213\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/275847-200.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"30\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Plain language (also called plain writing or plain English) is communication your audience can understand the first time they read or hear it.<\/p>\n<p>The Plain Writing Act of 2010 defines plain language as:<\/p>\n<div class=\"pgqt3\" style=\"font-family: 'Roboto'; font-size: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.8em;\">Writing that is clear, concise, well-organized, and follows other best practices appropriate to the subject or field and intended audience.<\/div>\n<p>Language that is plain to one set of readers may not be plain to others. Written material is in plain language if your audience can:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.6em;\">\n<li style=\"padding-bottom: 2px;\">Find what they need<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding-bottom: 2px;\">Understand what they find<\/li>\n<li>Use what they find to meet their needs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There are many techniques that can help you achieve this goal. Among the most common are:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em;\">\n<li style=\"padding-bottom: 2px;\">Logical organization with the reader in mind<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding-bottom: 2px;\">\u201cYou\u201d and other pronouns<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding-bottom: 2px;\">Active voice<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding-bottom: 2px;\">Short sentences<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding-bottom: 2px;\">Common, everyday words<\/li>\n<li>Easy-to-read design features<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"qtsource\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/institutes-nih\/nih-office-director\/office-communications-public-liaison\/clear-communication\/plain-language\">~ &#8220;What is plain language?&#8221; PlainLanguage.gov<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h5>According to the <span class=\"accentshadow\">Plain Language Association International<\/span>:<\/h5>\n<div class=\"pgqt3\">\n<div style=\"margin-left: -58px; float: left; width: 40px; margin-top: -5px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"opacity: 0.3; align: left;\" src=\"https:\/\/techrhet.com\/3213\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2018\/07\/275847-200.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"30\" \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.1em;\">A communication is in plain language if its wording, structure, and design are so clear that the intended audience can easily find what they need, understand what they find, and use that information.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qtsource\"><a href=\"http:\/\/plainlanguagenetwork.org\/\">~ &#8220;What is plain language?&#8221; Plain Language Association International<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"margin-top: 50px; margin-bottom: 30px;\">Three Types of Editing<\/h3>\n<div style=\"display: block; text-align: right; margin: 35px 3em 0;\"><\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-289 filter-drop-shadow\" style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-left: 5px; padding-right: 20px;\" src=\"https:\/\/techrhet.com\/3213\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/10\/developmentalediting-icn2.png\" alt=\"cam5\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" \/><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 180%; border-bottom: 3px solid #81d4fa; padding-bottom: 10px; margin-bottom: 5px; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: 0.01em;\"><span id=\"developmental\" style=\"text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #81d4fa, 1px 1px 1px #81d4fa, 1px 1px 1px #81d4fa;\">Developmental<\/span> Editing<\/div>\n<div class=\"filter-drop-shadow\" style=\"width: 250px; float: right; background-color: #e1f5fe; border-radius: 5px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 10px #81D4FA; padding: 10px 15px; margin: 10px 10px 0;\">Acquisition editors for book publishers are developmental editors<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 300; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-right: 285px; margin-top: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; padding-left: 135px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 500; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0.02em;\">Outside <span style=\"text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #81d4fa,1px 1px 1px #81d4fa;\">Developmental<\/span> Editor:<\/span> Consults with an author to direct the scope, purpose, and audience of a project; looks at the big picture to determine what form, style, and genre the text should take; guides the project from early stages through drafting; describe it and distinguish it from other topics\/issues<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 300; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-right: 285px; line-height: 1.6em; padding-left: 135px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 500; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0.02em;\">Self <span style=\"text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #81d4fa, 1px 1px 1px #81d4fa;\">Developmental<\/span> Editing:<\/span> Begins at the planning stage, weighs options during prewriting, may consult with others to &#8220;bounce ideas,&#8221; adjusts plan<\/div>\n<div style=\"height: 10px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"display: block; text-align: right; margin: 0 3em;\"><span id=\"substantive\" class=\"anchor\"> <\/span><span class=\"arrowtop\" style=\"font-size: 150%; opacity: 0.5;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u2305<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-289 filter-drop-shadow\" style=\"margin-top: 18px; margin-left: 5px; padding-right: 20px;\" src=\"https:\/\/techrhet.com\/3213\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/10\/substantiveediting-icn2.png\" alt=\"cam5\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" \/><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 180%; border-bottom: 3px solid #a5d6a7; padding-bottom: 10px; margin-bottom: 5px; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: 0.01em;\"><span style=\"text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #a5d6a7, 1px 1px 1px #a5d6a7, 1px 1px 1px #a5d6a7;\">Substantive<\/span> Editing<\/div>\n<div class=\"filter-drop-shadow\" style=\"width: 250px; float: right; background-color: #e8f5e9; border-radius: 5px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 10px #A5D6A7; padding: 10px 15px; margin: 10px 10px 0;\">Subject matter experts (SMEs) and publication referees are substantive editors<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 300; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-right: 285px; margin-top: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; padding-left: 135px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 500; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0.02em;\">Outside <span style=\"text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #a5d6a7,1px 1px 1px #a5d6a7;\">Substantive<\/span> Editor:<\/span> Content is assessed for inaccuracy, inconsistency, and incompleteness. Credibility of sources may be checked. Organization of material is assessed. Substantive editor may make suggestions about material or media to move, add, remove, or enhance<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 300; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-right: 285px; line-height: 1.6em; padding-left: 135px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 500; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0.02em;\">Self <span style=\"text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #a5d6a7,1px 1px 1px #a5d6a7;\">Substantive<\/span> Editing:<\/span> Evaluates content for clarity, support, credibility; check and double check facts, quotations, in-text attributions, and works cited; assess and adjust organization<\/div>\n<div style=\"height: 10px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"display: block; text-align: right; margin: 0 3em;\"><span id=\"copyediting\" class=\"anchor\"> <\/span><span class=\"arrowtop\" style=\"font-size: 150%; opacity: 0.5;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u2305<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-289 filter-drop-shadow\" style=\"margin-top: 18px; margin-left: 5px; padding-right: 20px;\" src=\"https:\/\/techrhet.com\/3213\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/10\/copyediting-icn2.png\" alt=\"cam5\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" \/><\/p>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-size: 180%; border-bottom: 3px solid #9fa8da; padding-bottom: 10px; margin-bottom: 5px; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: 0.01em;\"><span style=\"text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #9fa8da, 1px 1px 1px #9fa8da, 1px 1px 1px #9fa8da;\">Copy<\/span> Editing<\/div>\n<div class=\"filter-drop-shadow\" style=\"width: 250px; float: right; background-color: #e8eaf6; border-radius: 5px; box-shadow: inset 0 0 10px #B39DDB; padding: 10px 15px; margin: 10px 10px 0;\">While authors and publishers do some degree of copyediting on their own, many enlist independent copyeditors to do final preparation of manuscripts before publication<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 300; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-right: 285px; margin-top: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; padding-left: 135px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 500; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0.02em;\">Outside <span style=\"text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #9fa8da,1px 1px 1px #9fa8da;\">Copy<\/span> Editor:<\/span> Checks for mechanical\/grammatical errors, stylistic and syntactic consistency, and spelling\/typographical errors; ensures manuscript adheres to applicable style guides (MLA, APA, IEEE, Chicago, etc.)<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 300; font-size: 110%; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-right: 285px; line-height: 1.6em; padding-left: 135px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 500; color: #333333; letter-spacing: 0.02em;\">Self <span style=\"text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #9fa8da,1px 1px 1px #9fa8da;\">Copy<\/span> Editing:<\/span> Proofreads; employs spelling, grammar, and style checking tools\/applications; reads aloud<\/div>\n<div style=\"display: block; text-align: right; margin: 0 3em;\"><span id=\"examples\" class=\"anchor\"> <\/span><span class=\"arrowtop\" style=\"font-size: 150%; opacity: 0.5;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u2305<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<h3 style=\"margin-top: 50px; margin-bottom: 0px;\">Examples of Business-ese<\/h3>\n<div style=\"background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #e0e0e0 0%,#ffffff 100%); font-weight: 300; font-size: 120%; padding: 4px 10px 10px 35px; color: #216369; letter-spacing: 0.02em; margin-bottom: 5px;\">(or)&#8230;. wait&#8230; what?<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 1.5em; margin-left: 35px;\">\n<p>The Designated Parking Area and potential liability regarding damages committed by minors.<\/p>\n<p>Great aspirations can\u2019t come into fruition without collaboration.<\/p>\n<p>We want to welcome you all in joining us on this journey to make the air in our lovely city clean once again.<\/p>\n<p>The performance appraisal process should include the drafting of a performance plan as well as a meeting with employees to discuss their individual performance plans.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display: block; text-align: right; margin: 0 3em;\"><span id=\"advice\" class=\"anchor\"> <\/span><span class=\"arrowtop\" style=\"font-size: 150%; opacity: 0.5;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u2305<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<h3 style=\"margin-top: 50px; margin-bottom: 0px;\">Advice<\/h3>\n<div style=\"background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #e0e0e0 0%,#ffffff 100%); font-weight: 300; font-size: 120%; padding: 4px 10px 10px 35px; color: #216369; letter-spacing: 0.02em; margin-bottom: 5px;\">don&#8217;t take my word for it&#8230;<\/div>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; border-bottom:none;\">\n<div style=\"margin: 10px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/writingcooperative.com\/as-a-professional-editor-i-can-strengthen-any-writing-using-6-rules-ad9e11553c2b\">As a Professional Editor, I Can Strengthen Any Writing Using 6 Rules<\/a> by Maria Cassano in <em>Medium<\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 10px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ubiquity.acm.org\/article.cfm?id=3366380\">Professional writing tips and techniques<\/a> by Philip Yaffe in <em>Ubiquity<\/em> (ACM)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; border-bottom:none;\">\n<div style=\"margin: 10px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.civilservice.louisiana.gov\/files\/divisions\/Training\/Manuals\/ProfessionalWritingSkillsManual.pdf\">Professional Writing Skills Course Manual<\/a>, from the Louisiana State Civil Service Public Training Program<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 10px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/leb.fbi.gov\/articles\/focus\/focus-on-written-communications-effective-professional-writing\">Focus on Written Communications<\/a> by Jean Reynolds in the FBI&#8217;s Law Enforcement Bulletin<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div style=\"display: block; text-align: right; margin: 0 3em 800px;\"><span class=\"arrowtop\" style=\"font-size: 150%; opacity: 0.5;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u2305<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Contents &amp; Navigation plain language movement developmental editing substantive editing copyediting examples all pro style &amp; editing\u00a0\u00a0 \u3009 Writing that is clear and to the point helps improve communication and takes less time to read and understand. Clear writing tells the reader exactly what the reader needs to know without using unnecessary words or expressions. <a href='#' class='excerpt-more'>[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"no-sidebars.php","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/techrhet.com\/3213\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8925"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/techrhet.com\/3213\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/techrhet.com\/3213\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/techrhet.com\/3213\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/techrhet.com\/3213\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8925"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/techrhet.com\/3213\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8925\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9762,"href":"https:\/\/techrhet.com\/3213\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8925\/revisions\/9762"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/techrhet.com\/3213\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8925"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}