An Example: PAGOS Plan for ENC 3213 Syllabus
My Communication Situation: I am teaching an Online Professional Writing course at Florida Atlantic University. I must write a course syllabus that will be distributed to the students and submitted to the English department, Writing Across the Curriculum committee (WAC), and university for review. Here’s my (quick) PAGOS plan:
PURPOSE | |
Why am I writing? | To inform students about the course – the nature of the ENC 3213 course as a whole, the projects, and my course policies. |
What is my immediate and/or overarching purpose? |
I’m not sure I have an immediate purpose. Students are already enrolled in the course and I don’t expect this document could change that.(unless it was awful). I guess my immediate purpose is to let students know where they can find the course material. My larger or overarching purpose is to clearly outline the coursework, breakdown of semester grades, and course policies very clearly… in such a way that students have no questions or confusions (not at the beginning of the semester, nor at the end). |
Any additional purposes? | I also want my syllabus to be an excellent model of a well organized, clear, correct professional document. It should be an example of excellent document design and it should communicate my ethos as a professor in other words, it should communicate my credibility and experience). |
What do I want to have happen as a result of this communciation? | Short-term, nothing. I want my syllabus to be so clear that students have no questions. Long-term, I want students to adhere to course policies. |
What information do I need to include to accomplish my purpose? | I’ll need to briefly describe the course, list the course objectives, and include detailed information on course policies. In large part, the genre “syllabus” dictates the sort of information I need to include (things like office hours, contact information, credits, and items that my department and/or the University require me to include). |
AUDIENCE | |
Who is my primary audience? | My primary audience is my students. |
What is the audience’s background? |
Drawing on my past experience teaching professional writing and teaching online courses, I expect that 75% of my students are full-time “traditional” undergraduates, and the other 25% are returning students who have come back to school after having careers, having a family, or taking some other time away from school. Often, most of my students are from accounting, finance, or business, but I’ve had all of the majors at one point or another. For most of my students, 3213 is a required course (or at least one that fulfills WAC requirements), but one “outside” their majors. I expect that while students may be excited to take upper level courses in their field/in their home department, they are not eager to take this course. Some members of my audience may have taken online courses before, but I don’t assume that everyone has. |
What do they know? |
Students already know how to write (Or they wouldn’t have made it to my class) and they are probably already familiar with major professional genres. They also know – are getting to know – a body of knowledge within their field. They know what a syllabus is, and so they probably have expectations about what they will find in the document. |
What do they need to know? | They need to know the typical syllabus content such as grade breakdown, where to find the course schedule, how to contact me, where to find me on campus, etc. |
What are the benefits to them? |
To some degree, the syllabus is an extension of (or perhaps an overview or intro to) the course. This course can benefit their careers as most employers value good communicators. Unless a student works from home and never has any contact with anyone else, they will have to communicate with others. I also know that this class is required by many majors, so my students might not be as interested in it as they might be in other courses. Often, students see writing as something their secretaries or assistants do, and thus, may be resistant to practicing writing. Finally, students are sometimes resistant to “real-life” writing (writing that is clear and consise) because they are so used to traditional academic writing (writing that isn’t always clear or concise). Just in terms of the syllabus, the benefits of clearly outline course policies are clarity, fairness, and reasonable expectations of what’s to come. |
What might their objections be? | Students don’t want to read syllabi. While I understand they do want to know about the course, syllabi are dry and boring and contain material much better delivered in person. |
How are they likely to respond? | If I’ve done my job in writing the syllabus well, they will probably be indifferent. I don’t expect anyone will be excited about the course, so the most I hope for is that the syllabus quells any anxiety they may have. |
What is the context in which they might read the document? | My students will probably read the syllabus at home since I am teaching an online class. I expect they will read the syllabus on screen and not on paper. Unfortunately, the English department and the University requires that I prepare my syllabus for printing on paper (for various record-keeping purposes). |
What other audiences might read/hear my message? |
My secondary audience may include other professional writing instructors with whom I may share my work. My gatekeeper audience is my department chair, director of writing programs, and administrators in the English department. Syllabi have various watchdog audiences. At FAU, watchdog audiences include the office for students with disabilities (OSD, for statements about accomodations) and the Provost’s office (for university required statements on disruption, academic integrity, etc.) |
GENRE | |
What genres might be appropriate in this situation? | I have to write a syllabus. Other genres are not appropriate. |
What are the conventions (or the “rules) of the genre(s)? |
Common items that appear on syllabi are contact information, course objectives, course policies (absences, late work, plagiarism, etc.), and a course schedule. Because I want to keep this course flexible, I’m not going to include a course schedule on the syllabus, but rather, include it on Blackboard. |
ORGANIZATION | |
How should I organize? |
[I’m responding to all the prompts at the same time] Syllabi conventions suggest that I should put course and contact information, as well as a course description and credit/degree requirement information on the very first page. That sort of information is usually on the first page of a syllabus, so that’s where students will expect to find it. Besides that, I will organize according to importance. I don’t anticipate that the syllabus will contain any “good” or “bad” news, so I won’t be frontloading or buffering anything. Because rules for the syllabi genre are pretty common, I’ll probably follow those rules. I’ll put contact information first, followed by course objectives/description, and then include detailed policies, organized into readable chunks of information. I don’t have a lot of choices to make here because the genre of the document prescribes its organization (and content). |
Should I start positive or end positive? | |
Will I provide explanations then information (policies?) or policies first, then explanations? | |
Should I buffer bad news? Should I get straight to the point? | |
STYLE | |
Should my writing style be cordial, sympathetic, informative, concise? | My writing style will be formal because I want my students to take my policies seriously. I will aim for total clarity because if students can’t understand my policies, they can’t be expected to follow them. I want to leave no abmiguities about plagiarism, late work, etc. |
Should I use lists, headings, paragraphs, bullets? | I will use bolded headings to group subjects together. I will also use indentation to organize hierarchies of information and use bolding for emphasis. If information isn’t best written in paragraphs, I’ll organize it into bulleted lists. |
Should I use visual aids? Non-textual elements? Should I use color? A graphic organizer? |
I won’t use any clip art (too unprofessional), but I will use some small design elements to demonstrate good document design to my students. Those design elements won’t be big because I don’t want them to distract from what’s written. The design elements should facilitate usability and readability and demonstrate professional document design without taking away from the content. It’s really important that my syllabus is neat and professional because it should be a good model of professional communication in writing and through design. |
After reading my plan, you can see that it isn’t fill-in-the-blank. I’ve thought about each of the five areas–purpose, audience, genre, organization, and style–and jotted down notes about what I thought was important to my situation. If it wasn’t important for me to think about, I didn’t write much. Take another look at my organization section–because I am tightly bound to the rules of the syllabi genre, I don’t have much say in how my syllabi is organized, and so, I couldn’t say much here. In a different communication situation, I might have written a lot.
You’ll also notice that my plan isn’t formal. I’m sure there are a few typos and grammatical errors. Not everything is in complete sentences, nor is everything perfectly organized. My plan is my own–a quick way to gather my thoughts before I begin to write.
(Also, I formatted my PAGOS plan as a table to make it easier to read as an HTML document. You certainly can organize your PAGOS plans as tables, but it’s not required. Bullet points and/or more narrative structure is fine.)